Aside from tweaking Uppy's compressor settings, the best way to speed up large photo uploads is to upgrade your server. A well-specced cloud, VPS, or dedicated server with a 3GHz+ CPU, SSD/NVMe storage, ample RAM (to prevent PHP from swapping), optimized Apache/Nginx proxy fcgi settings, and sufficient, well-routed bandwidth (especially under load or across regions) will make a difference. If you're into advanced configs, you should also look at tuning your tcp stack.
While PHP performance is mostly CPU-bound, these other factors also impact how quickly large images are processed.